Improvement in woven pabbio



@eine tatrsgatwt @fitta E. F. RIGHMAN, OF MUSCATINE,-IOWA..

Letters Patent No. 74,137, dated February 4, 1868; autezi'atecl August 5, 1867.

IMPROVBMENTIN WOVEN Panino.

@la tlgehnle maar tu yim tigen httrrs @aant ma making prat nf tige am.

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, E. F. RICHMAN, of Muscatine, in the county'of Muscatine, and State of Iowa, have invented an Improved Fabric; and I do hereby declare tmhat the following is a full, clear, and' exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this" specification, in which- Figure 1 is a view of the improved fabric, composed of'two thicknesses of wcof or weft.

Figure 2 is an edge view ofthe same. i

Figure 3 is an edge View, showing three layers of weft.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding partsin the severaligures. g

The nature of my invention consists in weaving any weavable material double or of any desired thickness, in such a manner that the threads, parts, or pieces of one course or layer of the weft shall cover the interstices or spaces of the adjoining layer or layers lying either above or below it, thus breaking joints, and forming a fabric of closer texture, more impervious to dust, cold, water, and light, and more iiexible than textures which are woven in the ordinary way, as will be hereinafter described.

My fabric has this peculiarity, that while every thread of weft has a .threadof warp on each side, holding it fast in place the warp-threads all meander through the body of the fabric in such a way that each thread in succession rises to the upper surface thereof, and descends to its lower surface, so as to make'the two surfaces. substantially alike, showing no right or wrong sides, an-d binding the ,whole together in one compact and at the same time flexible fabric. All this will more fully appear by reference'to' the drawings, figs. 2 and 3.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention vmore fully, I will describe more in detail the operation hy which the fabric is formed. i

There must always be one more heddle-leaf than the number of the intended layers or courses of the weftf threads in the fabric. Where there are to be two of these layers, there must be three heddles. I then take as many contiguous warp-threads as there are heddles, and pass one through each of the heddles in succession in corresponding heddleframes. As many more contiguous warpthreads are then taken and passed in the's'ame order through heddles in the corresponding frames, until the whole number of the warp-threads are thus passed Vthrough the heddles, an equal number through each. The threads are thus passed through the reeds in the usual way, and the weaving is ready to be commenced.

Contrivances well known to all weavers, can readily be arranged and operated in such a. way as to open the shed to receive the weft-threads, in the order represented in figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, and in like manner for any other4 fabric composed of a greater number of layers upon the same principle. A,ls the different threads are thus inserted, they are beaten up in the usual manner.

Where hand-looms are used, which are worked with treadles, there must be more of these treadles than there are heddles, inasmuch as a person with only two feetfcould not otherwise work three or more-treadles at one and the same time. The number of treadles necessary to enable one person to work all the heddles will be found by multiplying the number,of heddles by the number of layers. Thus, when there are three heddles,

there will be two layers, and the number of treadles will he six. When there are to be three layers, there will be four heddles, and twelve treadles will be necessary, arid so on for any greater number of layers.

When hand-looms with treadles are used, and a. fabric' is to be woven with two layers or courses of weft threads, the six treadles are to be so arranged as to work the heddles, as below represented, the cardinal num bers one, two, and three, representing the different heddles, and the ordinals rst," second, Ste., the treadles. The working ofthe ditferent 4treadles will produce the.result thus indicated:

One. Two. Three. First. Up. Down. Up. Second. Down. Down. Up. Third. Down. Up. Up. Fourth. .i Down. Up. Down. Fifth. y a Up. Up. Down. A

Sixth. l Up, Down. Down. With treadles thus arranged and worked by any skillful weaver, the shed may readily be opened so as to desirredrupon theprinciples` above set forth.V e

vproduce the result desired. vThey will produce that result if depressed in successioninfthe order above indicated, and inayproduce itwhen ad'erent orderis observed. Where a fabricwth a greater number of layers is to be Wovenfthe'tlfeadleV u'iayreadily -be so arranged and worked by any 4skillful `worknian as to produce the result r-Wh`en,power-lcorns are'nsed,`tl1e opcningof the shedin the salue manner may readily be effected, upon wellno further explanation here. l y

The gs. 1, 2, and?) in the drawings areinore particularly intended vto represent curtains manufactured upon this principle, but the operation is substantially thesarne as in the fabrication of cloth, carpets, or any other lmaterial. 4

Y a a repre-sent the threads of warp, and 5 b the transverse pieces or the weft, which, it will be seen, form the great body ofthe fabric. 'llhese pieces b are of wood,"and are known in the market ns match-stud' or sticks, from which friction-matches are made. I arrange these round pieces as above described, `so that when woven together, they break joints and form a closely-laid fabric. l K l Itis of course not my intention to confinemy invention to the 'use of wooden strips as the weft, nor to any'dcinite number of'layers, as the weft may be composed .ofV cotton, woollen, or other brous threads, woven together in the manner above described.

known principles," and methods fullyiunderstood by every person skilled injthe art` They therefore need .-Having thus described my invention, what I' claim as new,` and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows: l

f' f1. IA claim the method, herein described, of weaving fabrics having two or more thicknesses of separatelyinterlock'ed weftthreads,whereby the upp'enor lower surfaces are made substantially alike, and so that the fabric presents no right or wrong sides, substantially as above shown.

2. Iclaim arwoven fabric, substantially as described, consisting of two or more layers of separatelyinterlocked weft-threads, the threads of one layer of weft always, lying opposite the spaces between the weft threads of the vlayer above or below it, and with al1 the warpthreads passing from surface to surface, and binding the whole together, as above shown.

f E. F. RICHMAN.

Witnesses:

J. C. BEaDrNE, D. C. vRrcrnvmiv.- 

